| Artikelindex |
|---|
| State Of The Art - Prostatacancer |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Page # |
| Alla sidor |
Referenser
Ablin RJ, Soanes WA, Bronson P, Witebsky E. Precipitating antigens of the normal human prostate. J Reprod. Fertil 22:573, 1970.
Abrahamsson PA, Wadström LB, Alumets J, Falkmer S and Grimelius L. Peptide-hormone- and 5-HT-immunoreactive tumor cells in carcinoma of the prostate. Pathol Res Pract 182:298-307, 1987.
Abrahamsson PA, Lilja H. Free and complexed forms of prostate-specific antigen in serum. ACCO Endo 12:4-10, 1994.
Abrahamsson PA, Lilja H, Oesterling JE. Molecular forms of serum PSA. The clinical value of percent free-PSA. Urol Clin North Amer. 1997.
Abrahamsson PA. Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostatic Carcinoma. The Prostate 39:135-48, 1999.
Adolfsson J, Steineck G, Whitmore WF. Recent results of management of palpable clinically localized prostate cancer. Cancer 72:310-22, 1993.
Adolfsson J, Steineck G, Hedlund PO. Deferred treatment of clinically localized low-grade prostate cancer: actual 10-year and projected 15-year follow-up of the Karolinska SERIES. Urology 50:722-26, 1997.
Adolfsson J, Steineck G, Hedlund PO. Deferred treatment of locally advanced nonmetastatic prostate cancer: A long-term follow-up. J Urol 161:505-8, 1999.
Albertsen PC, Fryback DG, Storer BE, Kolon TF, Fine J. Long-term survival among men with conservatively treated localized prostate cancer. JAMA 274:626-31, 1995.
Albertsen PC, Fryback DG, Storer BE, Kolon TF, Fine J. The impact of comorbidity on life expectancy among men with localized prostate cancer. J Urol 156:127-32, 1996.
Albertsen PC, Aaronson NK, Muller MJ, Keller SD, Ware JE. Health-related quality of life among patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Urology 49:207-17, 1997.
Albertsen PC, Hanley JA, Gleason DF, Barry MJ. Competing risk analysis of men aged 55 to 74 years at diagnosis managed conservatively for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA 280:975-80, 1998.
Albertsen PC, Hanley Ja, Murphy-Setzko M. Statistical considerations when assessing outcomes following treatment for prostate cancer. J Urol 162:439-44, 1999.
Andersson S-O, Johansson J-E, Windahl T. Neodymium-YAGL laser treatment in localized prostatic cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol 27:485-7,1993.
Anscher MS, Robertson CN, Prosnitz LR. Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologic stage T3/4 adenocarcinom of the prostate:ten-year update. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 33:37-43, 1995.
Anwar K, Nakakuki K, Shiraishi T, Naiki H, Yatani R , Inuzuka M. Presence of ras oncogene mutations and human papilloma virus DNA in human prostate carcinomas. Cancer Res 52:5991-6, 1992.
Arai Y., Yoshiki T., Yoskida O.: Prognostic significance of prostate specific antigen in nedocrine treatment for prostatic cancer. J Urol 144:1415-18, 1990.
Aus G, Hugosson J, Norlén L. Long-term survival and mortality in prostate cancer treated with non curative intent. J Urol 154:460-5, 1995.
Aus G, Abrahamsson PA, Ahlgren G, Hugosson J, Lundberg S, Schain M et al. Hormonal treatment before radical prostatectomy: A 3-year follow-up. J Urol 159:2013-17, 1998.
Austenfeld MS, Thompson IM, Middleton RG. Meta-analysis of the literature: guideline development for prostate cancer treatment. J Urol 152:1866-9, 1994.
Bagshaw M.A., Cox R.S. and Ray G.R. Status of radiation treatment of prostate cancer at Stanford University. NCI Monogr 7:47-60, 1988.
Bagshaw MA, Cox RS, Hancock SL. Control of prostate cancer with radiotherapy: long-term results. J Urol 152:1781-85, 1994.
Beisland HO, Sander S. Localized prostate carcinoma treated with TUR and Neodymium-YAG laser irradiation. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 138:117-9,1991.
Benson MC, Whang IS, Olsson CA et al. The use of prostate-specific antigen density to enhance the predictive value of intermediate levels of serum prostate-specific antigen. J Urol 147:817-20, 1992.
Bergenheim USR et al. Deletion mapping of chromosomes 8, 10, and 16 in human prostatic carcinoma. Genes Chromosom Cancer 3:215-20, 1991.
Bergström P, Löfroth P-O, Widmark A. High-precision comformal radiotherapy (HPCRT) of prostate cancer - A new technique for exakt positioning of the prostate at the time of treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:305-11, 1998.
Berthon P, Valeri A, Cohen-Akenine A et al. Predisposing gene for early-onset prostate cancer, located on chromosome 1q42.2-43. Am J Hum Genet 62:1416-24, 1998.
Björk T, Ljungberg B, Piironen T, Abrahamsson PA, Cockett ATK, Lilja H. Rapid exponential elimination of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) contrasts the slow, capacity-limited elimination of PSA complaxed to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin from serum. Urology 51:57-62, 1998.
Bloomfield DJ. Should bisphosphonates be part of the standard therapy of patients with multiple myeloma or bone metastases from other cancers? An evidence-based review. J Clin Oncol 16:1218-25, 1998.
Blumenstein BA. Some statistical considerations for the interpretation of trials of combined androgen therapy. Cancer (Suppl 12) 72:3834-40, 1993.
Boccon-Gibod L. Urinary Incontinence after Radical Prostatectomy. 1997 European Urology Update Series 6:112-16, 1997.
Boccon-Gibod L, Fournier G, Bottet P, Marechal J.M, Guiter J, Rischman P et al. Flutamide versus orchidectomy in the treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma. Eur Urol 32:391-5, 1997.
Bolla M, Gonzalez D, Warde P, Dubois JB, Mirimanoff RO, Storme G et al. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. N Engl J Med 337(5):295-300, 1997.
Bookstein R, MacGrogan D, Hilsenbeck SG, Sharkev F and Allred DG. p53 is mutated in a subset of advanced-stage prostate cancers. Cancer Res 53:3369-73, 1993.
Borghede G, Aldenborg F, Wurzinger E, Johansson KA, Hedelin H. Analysis of the local control in lymph-node staged localized prostate cancer treated by external beam radiotherapy, assessed by digital rectal examination, serum prostate-specific antigen and biopsy. Br J Urol 80:247-55, 1997.
Borre M, Bentzen S, Nerström B, Overgaard J. Tumor cell proliferation and survival in patients with prostate cancer followed expectanly. J Urol 159:1609-14, 1998.
Bova GS et al. Homozygous deletion and frequent allelic loss of chromosome 8p22 loci in human prostate cancer. Cancer Res 53:3869-73, 1993.
Brasso K, Friis S, Juel K, Jörgensen T, Iversen P. Mortality of patients with clinically localised prostate cancer treated with observation for 10 years or longer: a population based study. J Urol 161:524-8, 1999.
Brasso K, Friis S, Juel K, Jörgensen T, Iversen P. The need for hospital care of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer managed by noncurative intent: A population based registry study. J Urol 163:1150-54, 2000.
Bratt O. Hereditary prostate cancer. BJU Internationel 85:588-98, 2000
Brolin JAE, Skoog L, Ekman P. Immunohistochemistry and biochemistry in detection of androgen, progesterone and estrogen receptors in benign and malignant human prostatic tissue. The Prostate 20:281-6, 1992.
Byar DP. The Veterans' Study Administration Co-operative Research Groups. Studies of cancer of the prostate. Cancer 32:1126-30, 1973.
Byar DP, Corle DK. Hormone therapy for prostate cancer: results of veterans administration cooperative urological research group studies. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 7:165-70, 1988
Böcking A, Austermann A, Schwartz H, Bammert J, Dörrjer G, Vucicuja S. Cytology of prostatic carcinoma. Quantification and validation of diagnostic criteria. Analytical and Quantitative Cytology 6:74-87, 1984.
Carlsson P, Hjertberg H, Jönsson B. Varenhorst E. The costs of prostatic cancer in a defined population. Scand J Urol Nephrol 23:93-6, 1989.
Carter BS et al. Allelic loss of chromosomes 16 q and 10 q in human prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci 87:8751-5, 1990.
Carter BS, Beaty TH, Steinberg GD, Childs B, Walsh PC. Mendelian inheritance of familial prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci 89:3367-71, 1992.
Carter HB, Pearson JE, Metter EJ et al. Longitudinal evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate disease. JAMA 267:2215-21, 1992.
Catalona WJ, Bigg SW. Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: evaluation of results after 250 patients. J Urol 143:538-44, 1990.
Catalona WJ, Richies JP, Ahmann FR et el. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: Intermediate - term results. J Urol 151:1283-90, 1994.
Catalona WJ. Management of cancer of the prostate. New Engl J of Med. 331:996-1004, 1994.
Catalona WJ. Cancer recurrence and survival rates after anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol 160:2428-32, 1998
Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci EL. What causes prostate cancer? A brief summary of the epidemiology. Sem Cancer Biol. 8:263-73, 1998.
Chodak G, Keller P, Schoenberg HW. Assessment of screening for prostate cancer using the digital rectal examination. J Urol 141:1136-8, 1989.
Chodak GW, Thistedt RA, Gerber GS, Johansson J-E, Adolfsson J, Jones G W et al. Results of conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. N Eng J Med 330:242-8, 1994.
Christensson A, Björk T, Nilsson O, Dahlén U, Matikainen M-T, Cocket ATK et al. Serum prostate-specific antigen complexed to a-1-antichymotrypsin as an indicator of prostate cancer. J Urol 150:100-5, 1993.
Chybowski FM, Bergstralh EJ Oesterling JE. The effect of digital rectal examination on the serum prostate specific antigen concentration: results of a randomized study. J Urol 148, 1992.
Cochrane A L, Holland WW. Validation of screening procedures. Br Med Bull 27:3-8, 1971.
Consesus statement: guidelines for PSA following radiation therapy. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel. Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys. Mar 15; 37(5):1035-41, 1997.
Connolly JA, Shinohara K, Carroll PR. What to expect from cryosurgery in prostate cancer. Current Opinion in Urol 6:250-3, 1996.
Cooner WH, Mosley BR, Rutherford CL Jr, Beard HJ, Pond HS, Terry WJ. Prostate cancer detection in a clinical urologic practice by ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen. J Urol 143:1146-54, 1990.
Cox RL, Crawford ED. Estrogens in the treatment of prostate cancer. J Urol 154:1991-8, 1995.
Crawford ED, Eisenberg MA, McLeod DG, Spaulding JT, Benson R, Dorr FA et al. A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med 321:419-24, 1989.
Crawford ED, Kozlowski JM, Debruyne FMJ, Fair WR, Logothetis CJ, Balmer C et al. The use of strontium 89 for palliation of pain from bone metastases associated with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Urol 44:481-5, 1994.
Crook JM, Bahadur YA, Bociek RG, Pery GA, Robertson SJ, Esche BA. Radiotherapy for localized prostate carcinoma. The correlation of pretreatment prostate specific antigen with outcome as assessed by systemic biopsy and serum prostate specific antigen. Cancer 79: 328-36, 1997.
Damber JE, Grönberg H. Mortalität infolge des Prostatakarzinoms in Nordschweden. Urologe (A) 35:443-5, 1996.
D`Amico AV, Whittingtom R, Kaplan I, Beard C, Jiruoutek M, Malkowicz SB et al. Equivalent biochemical failure-free survival after external beam radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy in patients with a pretreatment prostate specific antigen of > 4-20 ng/ml. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:1053-8, 1997.
D`Amico AV, Whittington R, Malkowicz SB, Schultz D, Blank K, Broderick GA et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer (se comments) JAMA 280: 969-74, 1998.
Daniell HW, Dunn SR, Ferguson DW, Lomas G, Niazi Z, Stratte PT. Progressive osteoporosis during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. J Urol 163:181-6, 2000.
Dawson NA, McLeod DG. Dramatic prostate specific antigen decrease in response to discontinuation of megestrol acetate in advanced prostate cancer: Expansion of the antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome. J Urol 153:1946-7, 1995.
Dearnaley DP, Khoo VS, Norman AR, Meyer L, Nahum A, Tait D ET AL. Comparison of radiation side-effects of conformal and conventional radiotheraphy in prostate cancer: a randomised trial (se comments) Lancet 353:267-72, 1999.
Debruyne FM, Dijkman GA, Lee DCH, Witjes WP. A new long acting formulation of the luteinzing hormone-releasing hormone analogue, goserelin results of studies in prostate cancer. J Urol 155:1352-4, 1996.
Decensi AU, Boccardo F, Guarneri D et al. Italian prostatic cancer project. Monotherapy with nilutamide, a pure nonsteroidal antiandrogen, in untreated patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 146:377-81, 1991.
Denis LJ, Whelan P, Carneiro de Moura JL, Newling D, Bono A, De Pauw M, Sylvester M, Members of the EORTC GU Group and EORTC Cata Center. Goserelin acetate and flutamide versus bilateral orchiectomy: A phase III EORTC trial (30853). Urology 42:119-30, 1993.
Diamandis EP, Yu H. Nonprostatic sources of prostatespecific antigen. Urol. Clin: N Amer 24:275, 1997.
di Sant'Agnese PA. Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer 18:849-56, 1992.
Dupont A, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Thibeault MM, Tremblay M: Prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid prosphatase for monitoring therapy of carcinoma of the prostate J Urol 146:1064-68, 1991.
Dähnert WF, Hamper UM, Eggleston JC et al. Prostatic evaluation by transrectal sonography with histopathologic correlation: The echopenic appearance of early carcinoma. Radiology 158:97-102, 1986.
Eisenberger M. Chemotherapy for prostate cancer. World J Urol 8:40-6, 1990.
Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, et al. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 339:1036-42, 1998.
Elder JS. Jewett HJ, Walsh PC. Radical perineal prostatectomy for clinical stage B2 carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 127:704-6, 1982.
Elgamal AA, Van Poppel HP, Van de Voorde WM, Dan Dorpe, Oyen RH, Baert LV. Impalpable invisible stage T1 prostate cancer: characteristics and clinical relevance in 100 radical prostatectomy specimens. J Urol 157:244-50, 1997.
Epstein JI, Carmichael M, Partin AW, Walsh PC. Is tumor volume an independent prdeictor of progression following radical prostatectomy? A multivariate analysis of 185 clinical stage B adenocarcinomas of the prostate with 5 years of followup. J Urol 149:1478-81, 1993.
Epstein JI, Walsh PC, Brendler CB: Radical prostatectomy for impalpable prostate cancer. J Urol 152:1721-29, 1994.
Epstein JI, Chan DW, Sokoll LJ, Walsh PC, Cox JL, Rittenhouse H et al. Nonpalpable invisible stage T1c prostate cancer: prediction of insignificant disease using free/total PSA levels and needle biopsy findings. J Urol 160:2407-11, 1998.
Esposti PL. Cytologic malignancy grading of prostatic carcinoma by transrectal aspiration biopsi. Scand J Urol Nephrol 5:199-209, 1975.
Etzioni R, Legler JM, Feuer EJ, Merrill RM, Kathleen AC, Hankey BF. Cancer Surveillance Series: Interpreting Trends in prostate cancerpart III. JNCI 91:1033-39,1999.
Fallon B and Williams RD. Current options in the management of clinical stage C prostatic carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am 17:853-66, 1990.
Feuer E, Merrill RM, Hankey BF. Cancer Surveillande Series: Interpreting trends in prostata cancerpart II. JNCI 91:1025-32, 1999.
Fleming C, Wasson J, Albertsen P, Barry M, Wennberg JE, Prostate PORT. A decision analysis of alternative treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA 269:2650-8, 1993.
Fossa SD, Waehre H, Paus E. The prognostic significance of prostate cancer. Br. J Cancer 66:181-4, 1992.
Fowler FJ, Barry MJ, Lujau G, Roman A, Wasson J, Wennberg JE. Patient reported complications and follow-up - treatment after radical prostatectomy. Urology 42:622-9, 1993.
Garborg I, Eide TJ. The probability of verlooking prostatic cancer in transurethrally resected material when different embedding practices are followed. APMIS 93:205-8, 1985.
Gerber GS, Thisted RA, Scardino PT, et al. Results of radical prostatectomy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer-multi-institutional pooled analysis. JAMA 276:615-9, 1996.
Gleason DF, Mellinger GT, The VACURG. Prediction of prognosis for prostatic adenocarcinoma combining histological grading and clinical staging. J Urol 111:58-64, 1974.
Gleason DF. Histological staging and grading of prostatic carcinoma , in Tannenbaum M (ed): Urologic Pathology: The prostate. Philadelphia, PA, Lea & Febiger, uppl. 171:197, 1977.
Gleason DF. Histologic grading of prostate cancer: a perspective. Human Pathol 23:273-9, 1992.
Goldenberg SL, Bruchovsky N, Gleave M, Sullivan LD, Akakura K. Intermittent androgen suppression in the treatment of prostate cancer: a preliminary report. Urology 45:839-46, 1995.
Goldenber SL, Klotz LH, Srigley J, Jewett MAS, Mador D, Frader Y, et al. Urologic Oncology Group: Randomized, prospective, controlled study comparing radical prostatectomy alone and neoadjuvant androgen withdrawal in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Urol 156:873-77, 1996.
Granfors T, Modig H, Damber J-E, Tomic R: Conbined orchiectomy and external radiotherapy versus radiotheraphy alone for nonmetastatic prostate cancer with or without pelvic lymph node involvment: a prospective randomized study. J Urol 159(6):2030-4, 1998.
Grönberg H, Damber L, Damber JE. Familial prostate cancer in Sweden, a nationwide register cohort study. Cancer 77:138-43, 1996.
Gustavsson O, Norming U, Almgård L-E, Fredriksson Å, Gustavsson G, Hartvig B et al. Diagnostic methods in the detection of prostate cancer: A Study of a randomly selected population of 2 400 men. J Urol 148:1827-31, 1992.
Haenzel W and Kurihara M: Studies of Japanese migrants, I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases amng Japanese in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 40:43-68, 1968.
Hamper U M, Shet S, Wolsh PC, Holtz P M, Epstein J I. Stage B adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Transrectal US and pathologic correlation of non-malignant hypoechoic peripheral zone lesions. Radiology 180:101-4, 1991.
Hankey BF, Feuer EJ, Clegg LX, Hayes RB, Legler JM, Prorok PC et al. Cancer surveillance series: Interpreting Trends in Prostata Cancer-Part I: Evidence of the effects of screening in recent prostata cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates JNCI 91:1017-24, 1999.
Hanks GE, Diamond JJ, Krall JM, Martz KL, Kramer S. A ten year follow-up of 682 patients treated for prostate cancer with radiation therapy in the United States. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 13:499-505, 1987.
Hanks GE, Asbell S, Krall JM, Perez CA, Doggett S, Rubin P et al. Outcome for lymph node dissection negative T1b, T2 (A2, B) Prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation therapy in RTOG 77-06. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 21:1099-103, 1991.
Hanks G.E, Schultheiss TE, Hanlon AL, Hund M, Lee WR, Epstein BE et al. Optimization of conformal radiation treatment of prostate cancer: report of a dose escalation study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:543-50, 1997.
Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, Schultheiss TE, Pinover WH, Movsas B, Epstein BE et al. Dose escalation with 3D conformal treatment: five year outcomes, treatment optimization, and future directions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 41(3):501-10,1998.
Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, Pinover WH, Horwitz EM, Schultheiss TE Survival advantage for prostate cancer patients treated with high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotheraphy (se comments). Cancer J Sci Am 5(3)152-8, 1999.
Hancock SL, Cox RS, Bashaw M.A. Prostate specific antigen after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A reevaluation of long-term biochemical control and the kinetics of recurrence in patients treated at Stanford University. J Urol 154:1412-17, 1995.
Hautmann RE, Sauter TW, Wenderoth UK. Radical retropubic prostatectomy: morbidity and urinary continence in 418 consecutive cases. Urology 43:47-51, 1994.
Hedlund PO, Jacobsson H, Vaage S, Hahne B, Sandin T, Kontturi M et al. Treatment of high-grade, high-stage prostate cancer with Estramustine Phosphate or Diethylstilbestrol. Scand J Urol Nephrol 31:167-72, 1996.
Hedlund PO, Henriksson P and the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG)-5 Trail study. Parenteral estrogen versus total androgen ablation in the treatment of advanced prostate carcinoma: effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. Urology 55:328-32, 2000.
Heidenrech A, Vorreuther R, Neubauer S, Westphal J, Engelman UH, Moul JW. The influence of ejaculation on serum levels of prostate specific antigen. J Urol 157:209-11, 1997.
Helgesen F, Holmberg L, Johansson JE, Bergström R, Adami HO. Trends in Prostate Cancer Survival in Sweden, 1960 through 1988: Evidence of increasing diagnosis of nonlethal tumors. JNCI 88:1216-21, 1996.
Helgesen F, Andersson S-O, Gustafsson O, Varenhorst E, Gobén B, Carnock S, Sehlstedt L, Carlsson P, Holmberg L, Johansson J.E. Follow-up of prostate cancer patients by on-demand contacts with a specialist nurse. Scand J Urol Nephrol 34:55-61, 2000.
Hellström M, Wester K, Häggman M, Brändstedt S, Busch C. DNA ploidy patterns in androgen-deprived localized prostata cancer. Eur Urol 29:420-4, 1996.
Henriksson P, Edhag O. Cost-effectiveness comparison of estrogen therapy and orchidectomy in patients with prostatic cancer. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 3:523-9, 1987.
Henriksson P, Stege R. Cost comparison of parenteral estrogen and conventional hormonal treatment in patients with prostatic cancer. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 7(2):220-5, 1991.
Holmberg H, Carlsson P, Varenhorst E, Kalman D. Ekonomiska konsekvenser av nya medicinska metoder i vården av prostatacancer. En beräkning av sjukvårdskostnader under hela vårdepisoden. CMT rapport 13:1996.
Horm JW, Sondik EJ. Person-years of life lost due to cancer in the United States, 1970 and 1984. Am J Publ Health 79:1490-3, 1989.
Hsing AW, Tsao L, Sevesa SS. International trends and patterns of prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Int J Cancer 85: 60-7, 2000.
Hugosson J, Aus G, Norlén L. Surveillance is not a viable and appropriate treatment option in the management of localized prostate cancer. Urol Clin of North Am 23:557-73, 1996.
Huland H. Treatment of localized disease: treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer (T1/T2). In: Proc. First International Consultation on Prostate Cancer. Murphy G, et al (Eds), pp. 227-57, 1997.
Häggman M: Localized prostatic cancer. A study of diagnosis, staging and prognostic factors. Thesis. Uppsala, Sweden, 1993.
Irwin MB, Trapasso JG. Identification of insignificant prostate cancers: Analysis of preoperative parameters. Urology 44:862-8, 1994.
Iversen P, Madsen OP, Corle DK. Radical prostatectomy versus expectant treatment for early carcinoma of the prostate: twenty-three year follow-up of a prospective randomized study. Scand J Urol Nephrol 172 (suppl):65-72, 1995.
Iversen P, Tyrrell CJ, Kaisary AV, Anderson JB, Baert L, Tammela T et al. Casodex (Bicalutamide) 150-mg monotherapy compared with castration in patients with previously untreated nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Urology 51:389-96, 1998.
Johansson J-E, Andersson S-O, Beckman K-V, Lingårdh G, Zador G. Clinical evaluation of Flutamide and Estramustine as initial treatment for metastatic carcinoma of prostate. Urol 27:55-9, 1987.
Johansson J-E, Andersson S-O, Holmberg L et al. Primary orchiectomy versus estrogen therapy in advanced prostatic cancer - a randomized study: results after 7 to 10 years of followup. J Urol 145:519-23, 1991.
Johansson J-E Adami H-O, Andersson S-O, Bergström R, Holmberg L, Krusemo UB. High 10-year survival rate in patients with early, untreated prostatic cancer. JAMA 167:2191-6, 1992.
Johansson J-E, Holmberg L, Johansson S, Bergström R, Adami H-O. Fifteen-year survival in prostate cancer. JAMA 6:467-70, 1997.
Kaisary AV, Tyrell CJ, Peeling WB et al. Comparison of LHRH analogue (Zolodex) with orchiectomy in patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Br J Urol 67:502-8, 1991.
Joon DL, Hasegawa M, Sikes C, Khoo VS, Terry HN, Zagars GK et al. Supraadditive apoptotic response of R3327-G rat prostate tumors to androgen ablation and radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 38 (5):1071-7, 1997.
Karakiewicz P.I., Bazinet M., Aprikian G., Tanguay S, Elhilali M.M. Thirty-day mortality rates and cumulative survival after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology 52:1041-46, 1998.
Kennealey GT, Furr BJA. Use of the nonsteroidal anti-androgen casodex in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Urol clin North Am 18:99-110, 1991.
Klotz LH, Goldenberg LS, Bullock MJ, Laplante S, the Canadian Uno-Oncology Group. Neoadjuvant Cyproterone acetate (CPA) therapy prior to radical prostatectomy reduces tumour burden and margin positivity without altering 6 and 12 month post treatment PSA: results of a randomized trial (Abstract). J Urol 155:399, 1996.
Konishi N, Enomoto T, Buzard G, Oshima M, Ward JM and Rice JM. K-ras activation and ras p21 expression in latent prostatic carcinoma in Japanese men. Cancer 69:2293-9, 1992.
Koper PC, Stroom JC, van Putten WL, Korevaar GA, Heijmen BJ, Wijnmaalen A et al. Acute morbidity reduction usin 3DCRT for prostate carcinoma: a randomized study Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 43(4):727-31, 1999.
Kovacs G, Galalae R, Loch T, Bertermann H, Kohr P, Schneider R et al. Prostate preservation by combined external beam and HDR brachytherapy in nodal negative prostate cancer. Strahlenther Onkol Jun;175 Suppl 2;87-8, 1999.
Kunimi K et al. Allelotyping of human prostatic adenocarcinoma. Genomics 11:530-6, 1991.
Kupelian P, Katcher J, Levin H, Zippe C, Klein E. Correlation of clinical and pathologic factors with rising prostate-specific antigen profiles after radical prostatectomy alone for clinical localized prostate cancer. Urology 48.249-60, 1996.
Kupelian PA, Mohan DS, Lyons J. Klein EA, Reddy CA. Higher than standard radiation doses (ò72 Gy) with or without androgen deprivation in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46(3):567-74, 2000.
Labrie F. Intracrinology: its impact on prostate cancer. Current Opinion in Urol 3:381-7, 1993.
Laverdiere J, Gomez JL, Cusan L, Suburu ER, Diamond P, Lemay M et al. Beneficial effect of combination hormonal therapy administered prior and following external beam radiation theraphy in localized prostate cancer (se comments). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37(2):247-52, 1997.
Lawton CA, Won M, Philepich MV, Asbell SO, Shipley WU, Hanks GE et al. Long-term treatment sequelae following external beam irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Analysis of RTOG studies 7506 and 7706. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21:935-39, 1991.
Leo M.B. Bilhartz D.L. Bergstralh E.J. Oesterling J.E.: Prostate specific antigen in hormonally treated stage D2 prostate cancer: is it always an accurate indicator of disease status? J Urol 145:802-6, 1991.
Lee F, Gray JM, Mc Leary RD. Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate: Location, echogenicity, histopathology and staging. Prostate 7:117-29, 1985.
Lee F, Littrup PJ, Torp-Pedersen S et al. Prostate cancer. Comparision of transrectal us and digital rectal examination for screening. Radiology 168:389-94, 1988.
Lerner SE, Blute ML, Zincke H. Extended experience with radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T3 prostate cancer: outcome and contemporary mobidity. J Urol 54:1447-52, 1995.
Lindgren B. Cost of illness and benefits of drug treatment: "Thr economic impact of illness". Satellite symposium to IV World Conference on clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. Mannhaim 1989.
Litwin MS, Lubeck DP, Hening JM, Carroll PR. Differences in urologist and patient assessments of health related quality of life in men with prostate cancer: results of the capsure database.J Urol 159:1988-92, 1998.
Lodding P, Aus G, Bergdahl S et al. Characteristics of screening detected prostate cancer in men 50 to 66 years old with 3 to 4 ng/mL prostate specific antigen. J Urol 159:899-903, 1998.
Lopez J-G, Fendler J-P, Dutrieux-Berger N, Borda A, Devonec M, Perrin P. Management of the patient with a positive margin after radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol Update Series 5:69-72, 1996.
Lowe BA. Management of stage T1a prostate cancer. Semin Urol Oncol 14:178-82, 1996.
Lowe BA, Listrom MB. Incidental carcinoma of the prostate: an analysis of the predictors of progression. J Urol 140:1340-44, 1988.
Lu-Yao GL, Yao S. Population-based study of longterm survival in patients with clinically localised prostate cancer. Lancet 349:906-10, 1997.
Lundgren R. Cytogenetic studies of prostatic cancer. Thesis, Lund University. Lund, Sweden, 1991.
Lundgren R, Nordle Ö, Josefsson K et al. Immediate estrogen or estramustine phosphate therapy versus deferred endocrine treatment in nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a randomized multicenter study with 15 years of followup. J Urol 153:1580-6, 1995.
Mahler C. Is disease flare a problem? Cancer 73:3799-802, 1993.
Mate TP, Gottesman JE, Hatton J, Gribble M, Van Hollebeke L. Hig dose-rate afterloading 192Ilridium prostate brachytherapy: feasibility report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 41(3):525-33, 1998.
Matzkin H, Eber P, Tood B, Van der Zwaag R, Soloway M.S. Prognostic significance of changes in prostate-specific markers after endocrine treatment of stage D2 prognostic cancer. CANCER, 70:2302-08, 1992.
Mecz Y, Barak M, Lurie A etal. Prognostic importance of the rate of decrease in prostatic specific antigen (PSA) levels after treatment of patients carcinoma of Prostate. J Tumor Macker Oncol. 4:323-28, 1989.
The Medical Research Council Prostate Cancer Working Party Investigators Group. Immediate versus deferred treatment for advanced prostatic cancer: initial results of the Medical Research Council Trial. Br J Urol 79:235-46, 1997.
McNeal JE. Morhogenesis of prostatic carcinoma. Cancer 18:1659-66, 1965.
McNeal JR. Origin and development of carcinoma in the prostate. Cancer 23:24-34, 1969.
McNeal JE. Normal histology of the prostate. Am J Surg Pathol 12(8): 619-33, 1988.
McNeal JE, Villers A, Redwine EA, Fuad S Freiha BS and Stamey TA. Microcarcinoma in the prostate: Its association with duct-acinar dysplasia. Human Pathol 22:644-52, 1991.
McQuay HJ, Carroll D, Moore RA. Radiotherapy for painful bone metastases: a systemataic review. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 9:150-54, 1997.
Messing EM, Manola J, Sarosdy M, Wilding G, Crawford D, Trump D. Immediate hormonal therapy compared with observation after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in men with node-positive cancer. N Eng J of Medicine 24:1781-8, 1999.
Mettlin C, Lee F, Drago J et al. The American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project. Findings on the detection of early prostatic cancer in 2 425 men. Cancer 12:2949-58, 1991.
Middleton RG, Thompson IM, Austenfeld MS, et al. Prostate cancer clinical guidelines panel summary report on the management of clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 154:2144-8, 1995.
Middleton RG. The management of clinically localized prostate cancer: guidelines from the American Urological Association. Cancer J Clin 46:249-53, 1996.
Moinpur CM, Savage JM, Troxel JS, Lovato LC, Eisenberger M, Veith RW et al. Quality of Life in Advanced Prostate Cancer. JNCI 90:1537-44, 1998.
Morgan WR, Bergstralh EJ, Zincke H. Long-term evaluation of radical prostatectomy as treatment for clinical stage C (T3) prostate cancer. Urology 41:113-20, 1993.
Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn I, Sobin LH. International histological classification of tumors of the prostate. World Health Organisation 1981.
Mouraviev V. Neoadjuvant therapy in localized prostate cancer before surgery and radiotherapy. Current Opinion in Urology 8:381-6, 1998.
Murphy G, Abrahamsson PA, Busch C, Epstein JI, McNeal JE, Miller GJ et al. Histopathology of localized prostate cancer in diagnosis and prognostic parameters in localized prostate cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 162:89-106, 1994.
Navone NM, Tronosco P, Pisters LL, Goodrow TL, Palmer JL, Nichols WW, von Eschenbach AC and Conti CJ. p53 protein accumulation and gene mutation in the progression of human prostate carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 85:1657-69, 1993.
Newling D, Fosså SD, Andersson L, Abrahamsson P-A, Aso Y, Eisenberg MA et al. Assesment of hormone refractory prostate cancer. Urology 49:46-53, 1997.
Newmark JR, Hardy DO, Tonb DC, Carter BS, Epstein JI, Isaacs WB et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6319-23, 1992.
Norming U, Høisæter PÅ, Norlén BJ, Ebert T, Mattrey R, Nilsson S et al. Imaging in the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in localized prostate cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 162:89-106, 1994.
Oesterling JE. Prostate-specific antigen: A critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 145:907-23, 1991.
Oesterling JE, Cooner WH, Jacobsen SJ, Guess HA and Lieber MM. The influence of patient age on the serum prostate-specific antigen concentration: An important clinical observation. Urol Clin North Am 20:671-80, 1993a.
Oesterling JE, Suman VJ, Zincke H, Bostwick DG: PSA detected (clinical stage T1c or B0) prostate cancer: Pathologically significant tumors. UCNA 20:687-693, 1993.
Oesterling JE. Longterm follow-up of patients treated by radical prostatectomy for clinical and localized prostate cancer. Canad J of Oncol 4 (suppl)1:24-8, 1994.
Oh WK., Kantoff W. Management of hormone refractory prostate cancer: Current standards and future prospects. J Urol 160:1220-29, 1998.
Ohori M, Goad JR, Wheeler TM, Eastham JA, Thompson TC, Scardino PT. Can radical prostatectomy alter the progression of poorly differentiated prostate cancer? J Urol 152:1843-49, 1994.
Oremek GM, Seiffert UB. Physical activity releases prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from the prostate gland into the blood and increases serum PSA concentrations. Clinical Chemistry 42(5):691-95, 1996.
Pannek J, Marks LS, Pearson JD et al. Influence of finasteride on free and total serum prostate specific antigen levels in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 159:449-53, 1998.
Partin AW, Borland RN, Epstein JI, Brendler CB. Influence of wide excision of the neurovascular bundle(s) on prognosis in men with clinically localized prostate cancer with established capsular penetration. J Urol 150:142-8, 1993.
Partin AW, Carter HB, Chan DW, Epstein JI, Oesterling JE, Rock RC, Weber JP, Walsh P. Prostate-specific antigen in the staging of localized prostate cancer: Influence of tumor differentiation, tumor volume, and benign hyperplasia. J Urol 143:747-52, 1990.
Partin AW, Kattan MW, Subong ENP, Walsh PC, Wojno KJ, Oesterling JE et al.Combination of prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage and Gleason score to predict pathological stage of localized prostate cancer. JAMA 277:1445-51, 1997.
Paulsen DF, Lin GH, Hinshaw W, et al. The uro-oncology group: radical surgery versus radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 128:502-4, 1982.
Pedersen K, Carlsson P, Varenhorst E, Löfman O and Berglund K. Screening for carcinoma of the prostate by digital rectal examination in a randomly selected population. British Medical J, 21st April, 300:1041-4, 1990.
Pienta KJ, Esper PS. Risk factors for prostate cancer. Am Intern Med 118:793-803, 1993.
Pilepich MV, Krall JM, al-Sarraf M, John MJ, Doggett RL, Sause WT et al. Androgen deprivation with radiation therapy compared with radiation therapy alone for locally advanced prostatic carcinoma: a randomized comparative trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Urology 45(4):616-23, 1995.
Pilepich MV, Caplan R, Byhardt RW, Lawton CA, Gallagher MJ, Mesic JB et al. Phase III trial of androgen suppression using goserelin in unfavorable-prognosis carcinoma of the prostate treated with definitive radiotherapy: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 85-31. J Clin Oncol 15(3):1013-21, 1997.
Pollack A, Zagars GK, Starkschall G, Childress CH, Kopplin S, Boyer AL et al. Conventional vs. Conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: preliminary results of dosimetry and acute toxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys 34:555-64, 1996.
Pollack A. And Zagars GK. External beam radiotheraphy dose response of prostate cancer. Int J radiat Oncol Biol Phys 39(5):1011-18, 1997.
Pollack A. Preliminary results of a randomized dose-escalation study comparing 70 Gy to 78 Gy for the treatment of prostate cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 45(3):146-47, 1999.
Polascik TJ, Oesterling JE, Partin AW. Prostate specific antigen: A decade of discovery - what we have learned and where we are going. The Journal of Urology 162:293-306, 1999.
Pontes JE. Role of surgery in managing local recurrence following external beam radiation therapy. Urol Clin North Am 21:701-6, 1994.
Poppel HV, Ridder D, Elgamal A, Van deVoorde W, Werbrouck P, Achaert K et al. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy decreases the number of positive surgical margins randomized trial. J Urol 154:429-34, 1995.
Pummer K, Lehnert M, Stettner H, Huber G. Randomized comparison of total androgen blockade alone versus combined with weekly epirubicin in advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol 32:81-5, 1997.
Prostate Cancer Trialists´ Collaborative Group. Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 355;1491-1498, 2000.
Ragde H, Elgamal AA, Snow PB, Brandt J, Bartolucci AA, Nadir BS et al. Ten-year disease free survival after transperineal sonography-guided iodine-125 brachytherapy with or without 45-gray external beam irradiation in the treatment of patients with clinically localized, low to high Gleason grade prostate carcinoma (se comments). Cancer 83:989-1001, 1998.
Rana A, Chisholm GD, Khan M, Rashwan HM, Elton RA. Conservative management with symptomatic treatment and delayed hormonal manipulation is justified in men with locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Br J Urol 74:637-41, 1994.
Roach M3, Meehan S, Kroll K, Weil M, Ryu J, Small EJ et al. Radiotheraphy for high grade clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate (se comments). J Urol 156(5):1719-23, 1996.
Safford HR, Crawford ED, et al. The effect of bicycle riding on serum prostate specific antigen levels. J Urol 156:103-5, 1996.
Sandler HM, McLaughlin PW, Ten Haken RK, Addison H, Forman J, Lichter A. Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer: low risk of chronic rectal morbidity observed in a large series of patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 33:797-801, 1995.
Sarosdy MF. Do we have a rational treatment plan for stage D-1 carcinoma of the prostate. World J Urol 8:27-33,1990.
Schoenberg MP, Haimi JM, Wang S, Bova GS, Epstein JI, Fischbeck KH, B, IW, Walsh PC and Barrack ER. Microsatellite mutation (CAG 24-18) in the androgen receptor gene in humane prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 198:74-80, 1994.
Scher HI, Kelly WK. Flutamide withdrawal syndrome: Its impact on clinical trials in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 11:1566-72, 1993.
Scher HI, Zhang ZF, Cohen L, Kelly WK. Hormonally relapsed prostatic cancer: lessons from the flutamide withdrawal syndrome. Adv Urol 8:61-95, 1995
Scher HI, Steineck G, Kelly WK. Hormone-refractory (D3) prostate cancer: refining the concept. Urology 46:124-48, 1995.
Scher HI, Kelly WM, Zhang ZF, Ouyang P, Sun M, Schwartz M et al. Post-therapy serum prostate-specific antigen level and survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 91(3):244-51, 1999.
Schröder FH. Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer: recedent developments and current status. Br J Urol 71:633-40, 1993.
Schild ES. Radiation therapy after prostatectomy: Now or later. Sem Radiat Oncol 8:132-39, 1998.
Schulman CC, Sassine AM. Neoadjuvant hormonal treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer: does it make sense? Current Opinion of Urol 3:394-6, 1993.
Schulze H, Senge T. Influence of different types of antiandrogens on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue-induced testosterone surge in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 144:934-41, 1990.
Sikora K, Advani S, Korlotchouk V, Magrath I, Levy L, Pinedo H, et al. Essential drugs for cancer therapy: A World Health Organization consultation. Annals of Oncology 10:385-390, 1999.
Simak R, Madersbacher S, et al. The impact of ejaculation on serum prostate-specific antigen. J Urol 150:895, 1993.
Small EJ, Carroll PR. Prostate-specific antigen decline after Casodex withdrawal: Evidence for an antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome. Urol 43:408, 1994.
Smith JR, Freije D, Carpten JD, Grönberg H et al. Major suspictibility locus for prostate cancer on chromosome 1 suggested by genome-wide search. Science 274:371-4, 1996.
Socialstyrelsen. Cancer Incidence in Sweden 1960. Stockholm 1962.
Socialstyrelsen. Cancer incidence in Sweden 1984. Stockholm 1986.
Socialstyrelsen. Cancer incidence in Sweden 1987. Stockholm 1991.
Socialstyrelsen. Cancer incidence in Sweden 1997. Stockholm 1999.
Soloway MS, Sharifi R, Wajsman Z, McLeod D, Wood D, Paras Beaz A, The Lupron Depot Neoadjuvant Prostate Cancer Study Group: Randomized prospective study comparing radical prostatectomy alone versus radical prostatectomy preceded by androgen blockade in clinical stage B2 (T2bNxM0) prostate cancer. J Urol 154:424-8, 1995.
Soloway M, Sharifi R, Wajsman Z, Mc Leod D, Wood D, Paras Beaz A.The Lupron Depot Neoadjuvant Prostate Cancer Study Group. Randomized prospective study - radical prostatectomy alone versus radical prostatectomy preceded by androgen blockade in cT2b prostate cancer - initial results (Abstract). J Urol 155:555, 1996.
Stamey TA, Yang N, Hay AR, McNeal NE, Freiha FS, Redwine E. Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med 317:909-16, 1987.
Stamey TA, Kabalin JN, McNeal JE, Johnstone IM, Freiha FS, Redwine EA et al. Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. II. Radical prostatectomy treated patients. J Urol 141:1076-83, 1989.
Stamey TA, Freiha FS, McNeal JE, Redwine EA, Whitemore AS and Schmid HP. Localized prostate cancer: Relationship of tumor volume to clinical significance for treatment of prostate cancer. Cancer 71:933-8, 1993.
Statens Beredning för Utvärdering av Medicinsk Teknologi (SBU). Massundersökning för prostatacancer. SBU-rapport 126, 1995.
Statens Beredning för Utvärdering av Medicinsk Teknologi (SBU). Strålbehandling vid cancer. SBU-rapport volym 1:129/1, volym 2:129/2, 1996.
Statistiska Centralbyrån. Dödsorsaker 1996.
Stenman UH, Leinonen J, Alfthan H, Ranniko S, Tuhkanen K, Alfthan O. A complex between prostate-specific antigen and a-1-antichymotrypsin is the major form av prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer: assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. Cancer Res 51:222-6, 1991.
Stenzl A, Studer UE. Outcome of patients with intreated cancer of the prostate. Eur Urol 24(1):1-6, 1993.
Sternberg CN, Ianari A. Hormone refractory prostate cancer. Current Opinion in Urol 6:258-63, 1996.
Stridhara R, Eisenberg MA, Sinibaldi VJ, Reyno LM, Egorin MJ. Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen as a surrogate marker for response of hormone-refractory prostate cancer to suramin therapy. J Clin Oncol 13:12:2944-53,1995.
Stromberg JS, Martinez AA, Horwitz EM, Gustafson GS, Gonzalez JA, Spencer WF et al. Conformal high dose rate iridium-192 boost brachytherapy in locally advanced prostate cancer: superior prostate-specific antigen response compared with external beam treatment (se comments). Cancer J Sci Am 3(6):346-52, 1997.
Swanson GP, Cupps RE, Utz DC, Ilstrup DM, Zincke H, Myers RP. Definitive therapy for prostate carcinoma: Mayo linic results at 15 years after treatment. Br J Radiol 67:877-9, 1994.
Tannock IF, Osoba D, Stockler MR, et al. Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone or prednisone alone for symptomatic hormoneresistant prostate cancer: a Canadian randomized trial with palliative end points. J Clin Oncol 14:1756-64, 1996.
Taplin ME, Bubley GJ, Shuster TD, Frantz ME, Spooner AE, Ogata GK et al. Mutation of the androgen-receptor gene in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 332:1393-8, 1995.
Terris M, Freiha FS, Mc Neal JE, Stamey TA. Efficacy of transrectal ultrasound for identification of clinically undetected prostate cancer. J Urol 146:78-84, 1991.
Theyer G, Hamilton G. Current status of intermittent androgen suppression in the treatment of prostata cancer. Urology 52:353-359, 1998.
Thompson E Brad. Apoptosis and Steroid Hormones. Mol Endocrinol 8 No. 6:665-73, 1994.
Thompson IM, Paradelo J, Crawford ED, Coltman CA, Blumenstein BA. An opportunity to determine optimal treatment of pT3 prostate cancer: The window may be closing. Urology 44:804-11, 1994.
Torp-Pedersen S, Lee F, Litrup PJ. Transrectal biopsy of the prostate guided with transrectal ultrasound. Experience with longitudinal and multiplane scanning. Radiology 170:23-7, 1989.
Tyrrell CJ, Kaisary AV, Iversen P, Andersson JB, Baert L, Tammela T et al. A randomised comparison of Casodex (TM bicalutamide) 150 mg montheraphy versus castration in the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol 33:447-56, 1998.
van den Ouden D, Davidson PJ, Hop W, Schröder FH. Radical prostatectomy as a monotherapy for locally advanced (stage T3) prostate cancer. J Urol 151:646-51, 1994.
van den Ouden D, Hop W, Schröder FH. Progression in and survival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (T3) treated with radical prostatectomy as monotherapy. J Urol 160: 1392-97, 1998.
Vander Kooy MJ, Pisansky TM, Cha SS, Blute ML. Irradiation for locally recurrent carcinoma of the prostate following radical prostatectomy. Urology 49:65-70, 1997.
Van Poppel H, Elgamal AA, Goethuys H, de Ridder D, Van de Voorde WM, Oyen RH, Baert L. Patterns of failure in surgically treated patients; in Petrovich Z, Baert l and Brady L W (eds): Carcinoma of the prostate: innovations in management. Basel?, Springer ppl 125-137, 1996.
Varenhorst E, Ålund G. Urethral obstruction secondary to carcinoma of the prostate: Response to endocrine treatment. Urology 25:354-6, 1985.
Varenhorst E, Carlsson P, Capik E, Löfman O and Pedersen K. Repeated screening for carcinoma of the prostate by digital rectal examination in a randomly selected population. Acta Oncol 31 vol 8:815-21, 1992.
Varenhorst E, Berglund K, Löfman O and Pedersen K. Inter-observer Variation in Assessment of the Prostate by Digital Rectal Examination. Brit J Urol 72:173-6, 1993.
Varenhorst E, Carlsson P, Pedersen K. Clinical and economic consideration in the treatment of prostate cancer. Pharmaco-Economics 6(2):127-42, 1994.
Visakorpi T, Hyytinen E, Koivisto P, Tanner M, Keinänen R, Palmberg C et al. In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer. Nature Genetics 9:401-6, 1995.
Valicenti RK, Gomella LG, Ismail M, Strup SE, Mulholland SG, Dicker AP et al. The efficacy of early adjuvant radiation therapy for pT3N0 prostate cancer: a matched-pair analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 45(1):53-58, 1999.
Walsh PC, Lepor H, Eggleston JC. Radical prostatectomy with preservation of sexual function, anatomical and pathological consideration. Prostate 4:473-85, 1983.
Walsh P, Partin AW, Epstein JI. Cancer control and quality of life following anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy: results at 10 years. J Urol 152:1831-6, 1994.
Walsh PC. Cancer surveillance series: interpreting trends in prostate cancer-part I: evidence of the effects of screening in recent prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates. J Urol. 163:364-5, 2000.
Wang MC, Valenzuela LA, Murphy GP, Chu TM. Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Invest Urol 17:159-63, 1979.
Wasson H, Cushman CC, Bruskewitz RC, Littenberg B, Mulley AG, Wennberg E. Prostate disease patient outcome research team. A structured literature review of treatment for localized prostate cancer. Arch Fam Med 2:487-93, 1993.
Widmark A, Fransson P, Franzen L, Littbrand B, Henriksson R. Daily-diary evaluated side-effects of conformal versus conventional prostatic cancer radiotherapy technique. Acta Oncol 36:499-507, 1997.
Wilson JMG, Jungner G. Principles and practice of screening for disease. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1968.
Wilt TJ, Brawer MK. The prostate cancer intervention versus observation trial: a randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy versus expectant management for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 152:1910-4, 1994.
Woolf CM. An investigation of the familiar aspects of carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer 13:739-44, 1960.
Xu J, Meyers D, Freije D et al. Evidence for a prostate cancer susceptibility locus on the X chromosome (letter). Nature Genetics 20:175-9, 1998.
Yamada AH, Lieskovsky G, Petrovich Z, Hen SC, Groshen S, Skinner DG. Results of radical prostatectomy and adjuvant therapy in the management of locally advanced, clinical stage T3, prostate cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 17:277-85, 1994.
Yuan JJJ, Coplen DE, Petros JA, Figenshau RS, Ratliff TL, Smith DS, Catalona WJ. Effects of rectal examination, prostatic massage, ultrasonography and needle biopsy on serum prostate specific antigen levels J Urol 147:810-14, 1995.
Zagars GH, Ayala AG, von Eschenbach AC, Pollack A. The prognostic importance of Gleason grade in prostatic adenocarcinoma: a long-term follow-up study of 648 patients treated with radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31:237-45, 1995.
Zelefsky MJ, Leibel SA, Gaudin PB, Kutcher GJ, Fleshner NE, Venkatramen ES et al. Dose escalation with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy affects the outcome in prostate cancer (se comments). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 41(3):491-500, 1998.
Zietman AL, Coen JJ, Dallow KC, Shipley WU. The treatment of prostate cancer by conventional radiation therapy: an analysis of long-term outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 32:287-92, 1995.
Zietman AL. Locally advanced or recurrent prostate cancer. In Vogelzang NJ, Scardino PT, Shipley WU, Coffey DS eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Genitourinary Oncology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins:782-90, 1996.
Zincke H, Utz DC, Taylor WF. Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy for clinical stage C prostatic cancer: role of adjuvant treatment for residual cancer and in disease progression. J Urol 135:1199-204, 1986.
Zincke H, Oesterling JE, Blute MB, Bergstralh EJ, Myers RP, Barrett DM. Long-term (15 years) results after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized (stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer. J Urol 152:1850-7, 1994.
Zuckerman S. The endocrine control of the prostate. Proc R Soc Med 29:1557-68, 1936.






